The Truth of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Truth of Huck Finn   All through the exemplary novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain constantly and freely utilizes nigger. In the general public of the year 2002 that word has gotten one of the most detestable and despised in the English language. It is thought of as so awful that it is once in a while even spoken, as individuals want to be politically right and state n-word in it's place. The utilization of this word has made the book be prohibited and controlled by numerous schools the nation over, as individuals need to shield youngsters from the alleged prejudice of the novel. It was seen as the fifth most tested book of the 1990's. This word is unquestionably horrible and has no spot in the current society, however it is critical to look at Twain's thought process behind the consideration of this word in the story. The book ought not be excused as remorseless and bigot before the entirety of the realities are analyzed. Before framing an off-base sentiment, the advancement of the wor d and the explanations for it's utilization in the novel ought to be inspected. In the wake of learning the entirety of the realities, the utilization of the word in the book shouldn't be looked as malicious, however as a token of how far society has come.   This epic was written in a period totally different from today. It was first distributed in 1884 and is set a few years before in the mid 1800's. As of now servitude was normal practice in the southern piece of the United States. Individuals grew up accepting there was nothing amiss with it. Individuals in this time talked indistinguishably from the language introduced in the book, including alluding to African-Americans as niggers. Twain clarifies the vernaculars he was attempting to introduce before the story even starts. In an illustrative he says he was utilizing the radical type of the boondocks Southwestern tongue and the standard Pike County vernacular. Both of these kinds of discourse would have incorporated this word. Twain didn't utilize this word to be disdainful toward individuals of color yet for the story to stay valid. The presence of the word in this book ought to be taken a gander at as a token of an awful time ever.

The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain essays

The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain papers Current society is turning out to be overpowered with incredible measures of contamination from vehicles, manufacturing plants and an excess of trash. The gigantic measures of sulfur dioxide transmitted into the air causes significant levels of corrosive in the environment. At the point when this sulphuric corrosive is retained into dampness noticeable all around, impactful rainfalls can be harming to the outside condition. Corrosive downpour is devastating the world=s lakes, air and biological system. Corrosive downpour is executing lakes and diminishing the quantity of occupants in these new water bodies. Corrosive downpour causes an adequate finding in the pH levels in the water. At an unbiased level the pH in water ought to be near seven, yet in these acidic water bodies the pH levels can be as low as four. These pH levels of four contain in excess of 10% acids than that of ordinary downpour and one thousand times more corrosive than nonpartisan water. Every decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become multiple times increasingly acidic. The high corrosive levels contained in lakes likewise causes a decline in the quantity of fish abiding in these lakes. Likewise Aacid produces concoction changes in the blood of the fish, and their fundamental body digestion is altered@ (Howard Corrosive downpour causes air quality to weaken. As in water, a ... <!

Nursing - Professionalism free essay sample

This paper talks about the troubles looked by nursing in being characterized as a calling. This work examines the term polished skill and depicts the battle Nursing faces in attempt to be characterized as a calling. It presents a background marked by Nursing from the times of Florence Nightingale and subtleties the progressions that have happened in the field in current which legitimizes its battle for acknowledgment. From the paper: Plug 98) Ever since the distribution of Florence Nightingale?s exemplary nursing course reading, Notes on Nursing in 1859, nursing has been distracted with its picture and status, inside the medicinal services condition, yet in addition inside society on the loose. This long excursion through the moderate procedure of professionalization isn't exactly finished, and the ongoing increment in the degree of discussion couldn't have been exceptional coordinated, coming as it does when nursing faces the significant provokes engaged with acclimating to the developing new request of medicinal services conveyance. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nursing Professionalism or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

How to Become a Physician Assistant (PA) in 8 Steps

So, you want to become a physician assistant? Congratulations, you have taken the first step on a lifelong journey filled with many joy's, significant struggles and a lifetime of free pastries. Becoming a PA is relatively straightforward: Complete the required prerequisites and healthcare experience Apply to and be accepted to any one of the of 265+ US physician assistant programs Pass your PANCE (Physician Assistant National Certification Exam) Find a job and complete the licensure paperwork in your state of practice The timeline for becoming a PA can be as little as five years from the time you leave high school if you enter a direct entry PA program. But, for the clear majority, it's more like 8-9 years. Undergraduate degree program: 4 - 6 years Healthcare experience: 2-3 years PA school 2-3 years Of course, the process of getting there is much more nuanced. Here are the eight steps you need to take to become a physician assistant: Step 1: Identify Your PA Passion Why do you want to be a physician assistant? In the "old days," it may have been enough to want to be a PA "just because." You were looking for a job in the medical field that combined reasonable hours, good pay, and a lot of autonomy. But nowadaysyou can't just be "a little bit in." You have to be full on PA fanatical. Meaning you need not only have a firm understanding of what PAs do and how they fit into the complex ecosystem of healthcare delivery, but you also must develop a proven track recordthat indicates without any reasonable doubt that this is the profession for you. How do you do this?You must place yourself close to actual working PAs, you must be willing to roll up your sleeves and get your hands dirty, and you must become the definition of human compassion. No matter where you are on this journey, whether you are a high school student dreaming of a bigger future, a college student completing your undergraduate degree, a married mother of two seeking a new career in medicine, or a recent college graduate, you MUST make this your numberone priority. When I was completing my undergraduate degree at the University of Washington, I came acrossa physician assistant while working in the student health centeras a medical records clerk. I was premed at the time (something I have discussed before on this blog). Meeting a PA was a real game-changer for me. The point here though is less about my meeting a PA and more about where I was at the time that I was able to work with one in the first place. People ask me all the time "Stephen, how do I know if want to be a physician assistant?" "How doI find healthcare experience?" Or how do I find PAs to shadow?" These are all reasonable questions, but the answer is quite simple: You walk out your door with a smile on your face, and you get to work! Which brings me to step number two: Step 2: Get off your butt and start working in a healthcare field and in your community You willnever know if the PA profession is right for you unless you are working in healthcare. There are many ways to do this, and yes, it may require some work on your behalf, but it's no skin off your back. You want to be a PA, you love patients, and you will do anything to make people's lives better. Right? A lot of people have a lot of excuses as to why they "can't get healthcare experience." But the majority of this is just laziness. Nobody cares that you have a full load of college courses, or if that CNA degree program conflicts with your spin class, or if you are working a full-time job, or if your car broke down last week, or any of the other five million excuses I hear as to why people can't get healthcare experience hours. Personally, the day I knew I wanted to be a PA is the day I started working my ass off to become one. And so should you. Start working and serving in organizations within your community that help people: Food kitchens, youth summer programs, health support at local races, crisis lines, needle exchanges, churches, health fairs, senior service agencies, hospitals, daycares, homeless health centers, trash pickup, nursing homes, meals on wheels, etc. etc. etc. You name it; you should be there bright eyed and bushy tailed ready to lend a helping hand. If you are the type of person who likes to hold a medical certificate, take a 1-2-month night or summer program and obtain your certification (Step 6). I started working immediately even before college. I remember grabbing a sheet of paper from my high school's student job board which led to a paid opportunity helping elderly home-bound families in my community. I worked at Burger King the summer before college and was part of a community organization that taught recycling to elementary schools across the county. When I went to college, I walked directly into the student health center and offered my services - paid or not. Sensing a good deal, they immediately gave me a job in medical records for a couple of hours a day. After one year they needed help in the laboratory, so they trained me to be a phlebotomist, which led to me making connections throughout the entire University healthcare system which led to a few reference letters and eventually to my PA school acceptance. I took night classes and received my EMT certification and even sat for an interview for The Seattle Fire Department. I worked for two years after college for the mobile unit of The Puget Sound Blood Center. After six months I was already working as a supervisor. I got my CPR and BLS certifications. I received my phlebotomy certification. Do anything and everything you can to get healthcare experience. You need a no-excuses mindset. If you aren't getting health care experience, it's your fault. So get started now. Step 3:Create a CASPA Account Today I could probably move this up to step number one. There is no penalty for creating a CASPA account early. CASPA is the Central Application Service for Physician Assistants and creating an account is free and will provide you with an essential framework for your PA journey. You can add/remove PA schools from across the country to get a sneak peek on prerequisite requirements, gain a valuable understanding of additional documents that may be required, see what questions PA schools are asking and create a structure for your application. Simply put, the earlier you understand and familiarize yourself with CASPA the better! So, don't wait, if you haven't already, create an account today. Step 4: Work Your Ass Off and Crush your Prerequisites OK, let me say one thing quickly here. I am not a straight A student, and you certainly don't have to be. So, don't go saying to yourself "well I am just not smart enough," or "I have bad grades, and I will never get into PA school." Trust me I get it, let's flashback to my sophomore year in college when my guidance counselor told me straight up that I had no future in medicine. I won't lie, this led to a serious period of self-reflection, depression and eventually redirection. But I regrouped, dusted off my inner confidence, found a new guidance counselor, changed my major and hit go. Then I crushed it. Take that evil guidance counselor! The point is: anything worth doing in life is going to be hard. Maybe you are one of the lucky few, and you were born with a photographic memory, so test taking is a breeze. Perhaps you are gifted with social skills; maybe you are just a really hard worker, maybe you are radiating human kindness. Whatever your special skill is, identify it early and exploit the hell out of it. My skill is that I can endure a tremendous amount of suffering, I care deeply about humanity, and I have a killer smile . So I have had to align myself with people who value these traits. Some PA schools say to hell with community college and will only accept students with a 3.75 GPA and four-year university coursework. Not for me! But, maybe this works well for the student with the photographic memory. So, you mustfind schools and people who align with your core values. Seek them out, and your path to PA school will straighten. Oh yes, I almost forgot, you MUST COMPLETE ALL OF THE REQUIRED PREREQUISITES to become a competitive applicant at the schools for which you wish to apply. Yep, all of them, not some of them, not just the ones you like, but ALL of them. And, you CAN NOT take the easy route. Which means if they require Biology 1 you take Biology 3, if they don't require a Spanish elective, you become bilingual and work in a healthcare center treating farmworkers in your community. Aim high, even if it takes you out of your comfort zone, do your best, and you will be a better applicant because of it. Step 5: Join Professional Organizations If you are not, at a minimum, a member of the AAPA and your state PA societyshame on you. So, if you are not a member, stop what you are doing right now and join. The icing on the cake is that this is the only time in your life that these memberships will be affordable so take advantage of it while you can. Trust me, once you are a practicing PA the $300 plus membership fee will make you yearn for the days of old. AAPA affiliate memberships ($100/year) State PA Chapter(about $30) Physician Assistants for Global Health ($15) Physicians for a National Health Program Subscribe to the PAEA Journal On the same note, you should attend the annual conferences offered by these institutions. They will beoffered at a reduced price as part of your membership, and it is a wonderful way to network. Step 6: Get a Certificate (or three) I mentioned this briefly in step three because, for many, part of gaining healthcare experience is getting a certificate that will make you a productive member of a healthcare team. Many of these training programs can be completed within a matter of months/days. Also, the tuition can be relatively inexpensive if you complete the training program at a community college, state-funded technical school, or adult education program. Beware of the for-profit entities that charge $15,000+ for the same CNA or MA training you would be able to obtain at a fraction of the cost elsewhere. You should undoubtedly complete yourBLS/CPR training Consider stepping up your game and becoming ACLS and PALS certified Become HIPPA certified ($29 online) More advanced certificates: Restorative Nurse Assistant Certificate of Competency ($100) 16 hours: Allows you to work as a physical and occupational therapist in the skilled nursing home Pharmacy Technician Program ($1,000) Emergency medical technician ($1,100). Here is the course I tookat North Seattle Community College back in the day. Take an EKG Technical certification program ($1,000) Phlebotomy certification can often be obtained in 1-2 months Take a Medical Terminology Course and receive a certificate of competency ($150) Certified nursing assistant (CNA) or medical assistant (MA) Become a certified medical scribe Become Red Cross Licensed Training Provider Here is an example of what is available in my area through the Pajaro adult education department in Santa Cruz County, CA. You can find similar opportunities in your region by performing a Google search for "EMT courses near me community college," or "Certified Nursing Assistant course near me adultschool." Search and refine until you find affordable options that offer a timeframe and hours that will fit with your schedule. I received most of my training on the job, so you don't have to wait to complete a certification program to begin working. At my current office, only a few of my non-PA/MD/NP colleagues have medical certificates. Those that don't have been trained on the spot. This is the case for our two medical scribes and surgery room assistants, both who intend to apply to PA school. Step 7: Apply to PA School Everything you have likely read online makes the CASPA application seem like an insurmountable beast of an opponent. But completing your CASPA application won't be hard if you have taken the steps outlined in this blog post. Surprise, you have everything you need to apply to PA school! You made it here because you found your PA passion. And because of this burning desire obtaining healthcare experience hours and completing the necessary prerequisite coursework was just a natural byproduct of your innate drive. In other words, you got to do what you love, and you succeeded because of it. You have been working in the medical profession, so you have made invaluable connections. People trust you, and they are eager to say how much they love you by providing three exceptional letters of recommendation. If it was required you prepared for and took the GRE. You have shadowed several PAs because you work with a couple of them in your current clinical setting. You bought them each a cup of coffee and took them out for lunch while you picked their brain. You sought PAs out in every capacity. Now, let's look at the CASPA application. It is divided into four sections (but you already knew that right?). 1. Personal information (7 sections) Biographic information Contact information Citizenship Information Race and Ethnicity Other information Family Information Environmental Factors 2. Academic history (4 sections) High School Attended Colleges Attended Transcript Entry Standardized Tests: GRE, MCAT, TOEFL (if necessary) 3. Supporting information (7 sections) Evaluations: You must have a minimum of 3 requested evaluations to submit your application. You may enter a maximum of 5. Experiences:List employment, internships and volunteer experiences. Achievements:List of awards, honors, and scholarships. Licenses and Certifications Essay Release Statement Memberships 4. Program Materials (will be dependent on the schools and how many you applied to) University 1: Documents: CV/Resume, Catalog Course Description, License, Military papers, Other, Publication, shadowing/healthcare hours Prerequisites Questions (2000 characters each) How has your healthcare experience and community service activities influenced your decision to become a Physician Assistant? How has your approach to your academic coursework prepared you to be a successful PA student? Describe your greatest strength and your greatest weakness as it pertains to becoming a PA student and a graduate PA. Describe your exposure to PAs in clinical practice. Do you speak fluently another language in addition to English? If yes, please list. Why did you choose to apply to the RBHS - SHP PA Program? If you are reapplying to Rutgers PA Program, what is different about your candidacy since the last time you applied? University 2: Documents Prerequisites Questions (yes or no) Have you completed a minimum of 50 hours directly shadowing a Physician Assistant? Have you completed a minimum of 250 hours observing or participating in the delivery of healthcare in a clinical environment? Have you applied to Lake Erie College's Physician Assistant Program in previous application cycles? University 3: Documents: CV/Resume, Military Papers, Catalog Course Description Prerequisites Questions: Have you ever applied to the Drexel University PA program in a previous application cycle? If you answered Yes to the above question, in which previous application cycle(s) did you apply? Select all that apply. Have you ever applied to other PA programs (but not Drexel University) in a previous application cycle? If you have previously applied to any PA program, how have you grown as an applicant since the last cycle you applied in? Many schools require supplemental materials. If you have followed the steps above answering any additional question and providing extra information will be easy peasy lemon squeezy. And if you are wondering about your PA school essay, it will only be as good as the experiences that got you to this point. These experiences are meaningful and profound. Your life is no less impressive than the person sitting next to you. Writing an essay is as simple as being mindfully aware of what has gotten you to this point: your achievements, struggles, background, and experiences. Most importantly how all of this answers your "why" of becoming a physician assistant. And if you still need some help with your PA school essay consider hiring my team of experienced professionals totie it all together for you. Step 8: Be Yourself and Nail Your Interview The day before my PA school interview I made a journey from Albany to New York Pennsylvania Station and then to NJ on a southbound transit train in zero degree weather in the heart of a rough East Coast winter. It was my second time to NY City, and when I stepped out of Penn station into the heart of Manhattan and into Times Square, I was offered a seat to attend the Late Show with David Letterman. How's that for a friendly welcome to the City! I took the free seat without hesitation. These were the days before Uber and cell phones, so after the show, I stumbled my way back to the transit center and boarded a bus to Piscataway NJ where I was scheduled to have an early morninginterview at Rutgers. I found my hotel room and tried to get some sleep, which of course I didn't. Upon arrival at Rutgers PA Program HQ, I was greeted by an enthusiastic group of PA students and 20 or so applicants. We assembled into a room and mingled for about an hour until my name was called. I was then escorted into another room with three friendly PA school faculty eager to ask me questions. Remember, the purpose of every step of your journey up to this point has been to prepare you for the day of your interview. Interviews are only as hard as whatever weakness you are trying to cover up. Over the years, I have found that my ability to interview successfully has very little to do with the interviewitself and a lot more to do with how much I understand and believe in the topic I am being interviewed about. How much do you believe you want to be a PA? This should be an easy question to answer. It is reflected 100% in how many HCE hours you have accumulated, how many PAs you have shadowed, what kind of letters of recommendation you have, your GPA, GRE scores and volunteer experiences. It is reflected in your smile, your handshake, and your enthusiasm to be there. When they ask you "what kind of stress do you see associated with the PA profession?" Well, you have worked alongside PAs for years, you have shadowed PAs, you understand what they do and what their day looks like. The answer is an easy one. When they ask you "what have you done to increase your chances of being accepted into our PA program?" You can't wait to tell them about your experiences working in the homeless health service center; the nights spent taking extra classes to make up for a couple of bad undergraduate grades, and the work you do as a volunteer with theCrisis Text Line. When you are asked to "describe an interaction you had with a patient that made an impact on you," Maria Gutierrez immediately comes to mind. You remember how this 90-year-old mother of 10 would come to your office every month for her INR check. You remember how she would take your hand and wish that God would bless you. You remember how much you loved her smile and the generations of family that would come with her to each visit. You illustrate how through her grace she has taught you about what is important in life. Books on interviews remind us that "the admissions committee selects candidates on the basis of emotion (likability, credibility, and trust) and justifies that decision with the facts (GPA, GRE scores, and medical experience)." You see, you can sit and read for hours about how to be likable, credible, and trustworthy. How to dress for impact, and how you should smile at your PA school interview. But you will not need to worry about any of this if you have a real passion and desire to serve. You can't fake a service mindset, even when covered by layers of nervousness and baggy eyes from a lack of sleep and jitters from way too much coffee and that brown spot from the coffee you spilled on your tie accidentally on your way to the interview. You can't fake years of hard work and determination. The good news is: you don't have too. Celebrate Your Success Whether youre a first-time applicant or a reapplicant, these eight steps are a blueprint for mastering the application process. The reason becoming a PA is now more competitive than ever is because the word got out. PAs holds a sacred place in healthcare. And very similar to becoming a doctor, as a PA, you will be one of the most integral parts of a patient's care and recovery. But just remember, the nurses will still get more flowers and pastries and don't touch their pastries unless you have been told to do so. I have never regretted my decision to become a PA, and I know you won't either. If you need help any step of the way, drop me a line. We offer many services to help you wherever you may find yourself on the journey. With your passion, commitment, motivation, and patience, you will soon rise to the top of the applicant pool much faster than if you go it alone. Youll become a much more confident applicant, youll get more interviews, and youll be a Physician Assistant Student (PA-S) before you know it. - Stephen Our Services Whether you a perfecting your PA school application essay, finalizing your resume/cv, preparing for your first PA school interview, or studying for your PANCE or PANRE board exam, I have put together a collection of services to fit every budget and an ever-growing number of needs. Essay Editing Resume Templates Free Practice Exams Mock Interviews You may also like -The Pre-PA Advisor Series: Patient Contact Hours and Healthcare Experience The Pre-PA Advisor Series Welcome to the PA Advisors Series - a special series of postswhere PA school applicants like yourself ask the tough questions and admissions directors from top-ranking PA schools provide the []How to Find The Direct Patient Care Experience You Need to Become a Physician Assistant Read on: But you may also be interested in my newest post Healthcare Experience Required for PA School: The Ultimate Guide I could probably summarize this entire blog post with the following sentence: "THE MORE HANDS-ON PATIENT []The Perfect PA Program Picker: PA School Requirements and Admissions Tool 2018-2019 PA School Admissions and Requirements Table Search and sort through all 256 accredited and developing PA school programs by healthcare experience, resident and non-resident PA school tuition, PA program duration, GRE []

How to Remove Super Glue (Cyanoacrylate Adhesive)

Super Glue is a strong, fast-acting adhesive that sticks to just about anything almost instantly, so its easy to accidentally glue your fingers together or drip the glue onto clothes or surfaces. Even though it sets quickly and wont wash off, you can remove Super Glue with acetone. Acetone: The Anti-Super Glue Super Glue is a cyanoacrylate adhesive. Its impervious to water, but it can be dissolved in an organic solvent such as acetone. Some nail polish removers contain acetone, but be sure to check the label because many acetone-free products are available and will not dissolve Super Glue. You can find pure acetone in stores that sell home or art supplies because it is a useful solvent. If you view the Material Safety Data Sheet for acetone, youll see its flammable and toxic, so its not a chemical you want to ingest or inhale. It is absorbed into the skin on contact. It dehydrates and de-fats skin, so wash any spills with soap and water and apply a moisturizer, if possible. Removing Super Glue How you apply the acetone depends on what you stuck together with the glue. Do not apply acetone to your eyes or lips, but its still possible to remove Super Glue from other areas. Fabric: Acetone will remove Super Glue from fabric, but it may discolor the material or alter its texture. Work acetone into the affected area from both sides. Use a gloved finger or a soft-bristled toothbrush. The acetone will dissolve the glue and be rinsed away by still more acetone. Acetone evaporates quickly, but wash any fabrics that can withstand cleaning. Glass: Super Glue does not bond very well to glass, so you can scrape it off. It may help to soak the affected area in water until the glue is loosened. Acetone wont harm glass, but its use shouldnt be necessary. Counters and surfaces: Acetone dissolves Super Glue on counters and surfaces, but it may harm varnish on wood. It will cause some plastics to become cloudy in appearance and it may discolor some materials. Try to pry or scrape off the adhesive using acetone as a last resort. Skin: For fingers and most body parts, remove Super Glue by soaking the skin in warm water and then slowly peeling away the glue. You can usually pull the stuck skin apart because your skin is more likely to tear than to detach from the glue using this method. If necessary, apply a small amount of acetone using a cotton swab. Since acetone is toxic, avoid using it if possible. If you do need to use acetone, apply only the smallest amount needed to remove the glue. When to Seek Medical Help If you stick together lips or eyelids or if Super Glue gets stuck on an eyeball, contact a physician: Do not use acetone. The cyanoacrylate adhesive bonds instantly to moist areas, so its nearly impossible to swallow liquid Super Glue or for it to travel far into the eyes. Thats the good news. The bad news is that youll have to wait for your cells to rid themselves of the glue on their own. Fortunately, eye and lip tissue regenerates very quickly, so the glue naturally detaches. If you get Super Glue on your eyeball or eyelids, you may wish to wear an eye patch or cover it with gauze. The glue naturally detaches from an eyeball after several hours. According to Super Glue Corporation, there are no known cases of permanent damage from this type of injury. It may take a couple of days to unstick eyelids or lips, although tears and saliva hasten the removal. People who have stuck their lips together tend to work at it with their tongue, but even if you leave the area alone, it will un-stick in one to two days.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1054 Words

Historically, marijuana has been an illegal substance in Canada since 1923, mainly because of the perspective that the harmful consequences of its abuse and its addictive nature outweigh the significant benefits of making it a legal drug. Although laws have evolved as culture and society has evolved, Canada continues to struggle with the decriminalization of marijuana, despite its numerous benefits, it continues to form an archaic boundary line. This essay will discuss: 1) how laws regarding the possession of marijuana have evolved; 2) how public attitudes have changed; and 3) the reasons why current laws should be changed to legalize marijuana. In 1908, the Opium Act restricted Canadians use, sale, and importation of opium (Carstairs).†¦show more content†¦This was done at a time when racial tensions were high and possibly contributed to the criminalization of marijuana. In 1969, the Canadian government established a Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs. They were known as the Le Dain Commission, named after its chair Dean Gerald Le Dain (Marijuana: Key dates in the evolution of Canadian attitudes, laws). By 1972 Gerald Le Dain along with other members of the inquiry recommended the abolishment of the restriction of marijuana for independent use. As time progressed, societies and nations became more aware of the various uses of marijuana, which came as a result of research and increased knowledge about the potential benefits of marijuana. Other countries began to change their laws towards the decriminalization of marijuana. In 1976, the Netherlands officially legalized the use of marijuana (Marijuana: Key dates in the evolution of Canadian attitudes, laws). One year after, Canadian Prime Minister, Pierre Trudeau, in an address to a group of students stated, â€Å"If you have a joint and you re smoking it for your private pleasure, you shouldn t be hassled(Marijuana: Key dates in the evolution of Canadian attitudes, laws).Also in the United States, New Mexico passed the first state law, acknowledging the medicinal value of marijuana, and followed by California as the first state to officially legalize medicinal marijuana (Marijuana: Key dates in the

Child Abuse and Neglect In Australia

Question: Discuss about the Child Abuse and Neglect In Australia. Answer: Introduction It has been observed that the child abuse is becoming more prevalent in Australia. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the child abuse. For addressing the discussion in a proper way it is anticipated that the historical perspective of the child neglect and child abuse are put as a subject and debated further. The various developments in the past twenty years have placed the child abuse on the top of the agenda. The various countries like Australia began to acknowledge the existence of the child abuse during the 1970s. There have been various mandatory laws that have been introduced in the various Australian Territories and States. Recently even the public awareness has been increased of the issues that are connected with the child neglect and child abuse. All these awareness are due to the increase in the newspaper coverage, radio and television.(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare., 2015) It has been explained in the first settlement in Australia Scott Swain that the definition of child abuse is always covered in normative and deviant context of the rearing practices of the child and it falls within the context of historical and cultural context. It has been estimated by Fabion Loh that there are one quarter of convicts until the 1820s and all were under the age of 18 years. It is a public and a social health problem as well as a childrens right issue in the countries like Australia. There can be adverse consequences of the neglect and the abuse of the child and the young people. Child abuse is very much prevalent in various countries like Australia and now it has become very easy to be spoken about and accept the social issue. (Beckett, 2003)There are useful frameworks provided by the Socio-economic factors but these are not complete. There has been mandatory reporting and the sharing of information in regards to child abuse these days. The government has also star ted taking various initiatives for its prevention and intervention. Historical Perspective The cruelty to the children has always been there the evidence of the mistreatment of the children through the hands of the adults has been described throughout the ages and across various societies. If we look back in to the history than according to Smith the children has always been maimed, killed, starved, neglected and abandoned with cruelty. It is very well said that the child neglect and abuse is not something unique in the 21st century. If we look back in to the history then we can find that the first wave of child protection movement had already arrived in Australia in the last decade of the nineteenth century when there was a realization on the part of people that something needs to be done for the protection of the children those who were being ill treated by various people that included their families.(Bromfield, 2004) Cradock (2013) outlines that there must be a distinction made between the early days of the child protection movement in the nineteenth century where the focus was on child saving of children from impoverished environments and what is now understood as more a pathological form of child abuser. The differing definitions of child abuse in all forms is further complicated by how to distinguish a child abuser from a non-abuser, as there is a wide range of services and professions each with differing knowledge and expertise along with the fundamentally political aspect of child protection services and funding restrictions that will always affect varied knowledge construction and resultant specialist practices (Cradock, 2013). The Australian Government defines child abuse as any kind of non accidental behavior by the parents, other adults, the caregivers or any other older person that is outside the norms of the conduct and further entails a risk of causing any kind of emotional or physical harm to the young person or the child. These behaviors may be intentional or un-intentional and can also include the act of omission like the commission or neglect.(CFCA Resource Sheet, 2005). It has been seen that the main indicator of the child abuse is poverty but poverty itself does not means that the child is at a risk of being abused. Basically the child abuse is one of the umbrellas that cover all the maltreatment that are suffered by the children at the hands of the other people. There has been a different variation in the form of legal and operational of child abuse in Australia due to which it is not very easy to provide a consistent data regarding the incidence of child abuse. The child abuse or maltreatment has been divided in to four main forms that include physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional abuse.(Child Family Community Australia., 2012) Physical Abuse is a term that is defined as a non-accidental injury caused physically to a child and the physical abuse is considered to be one of the core forms of child abuse and maltreatment since the ages. The roots of the physical abuse include the physical punishments. It was noted by Radbill (1974:3) that there is a necessity of physical punishments to the children that are very severe for the maintenance of discipline, for pleasing certain gods, expelling evil spirits or transmitting the educational ideas. It has been written by Randbill these physical punishments have been given to the children since the early ages and there were also laws for the same. Though there were some people who use to speak out against the extreme physical punishment.(Holzer, 2008) There can be a physical injury that can occur from a single or a repeated episode. The physical injury may take the form of minor injury to the major form that is death.(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012) Neglect, the child neglect became a social concern after the industrial revolution throughout the western world. There were many orphanages, factories and work houses where the children work as the laborers.(Bacon, 2001) The children here were kept as slave labor as the demands for the services of the children were growing by the development of the industrial revolution in the late 19th century. Under these areas the children as young as 5 years used to work for 16 hours a day , were beaten and were also starved due to which they suffered variety of illnesses. The various concerns for the neglected and abandoned children resulted for the formation of the first child protection society and child rescue that resulted in the enactment of the first legislation that was designed to protect the children. Infanticide, when the physical abuse and neglect are taken to its extremes than it results in exposure and infanticide and these are the universal forms of fatal child abuse that has been practiced through the centuries. In the rural Europe until 1980s there were basically the girls who were in particular to the risk of death and being sold.(Baer, 2006) Sexual Abuse, it is basically the use of the child be it a male or a female for sexual gratification by an adult or an older child, it has been occurring throughout the history. The sexual abuse use to take place in the families it self when in the late 16th century various legislations were enacted in England due to which the children were being protected from the sexual abuse. With the passage of time many educators started taking initiative of warning the parents of keeping an eye on the children all the time and keeping it ensured that the children were never naked in front of the other adults so that the children could be protected from the sexual abuse.(Brewerton, 2007) Emotional abuse, it is also known as psychological maltreatment. It is a verbal abuse or harassment to a child by an adult with a main aim of damaging the confidence level and the self esteem of the child. There is no physical injury left by the emotional abuse due to which it is the most common form of hidden maltreatment. There are different forms of maltreatment in the case of emotional abuse at different rates and cultures.(Brodsky, 2008) Prevalence According to the various researches it has been found out that there were around 49,721 cases of child abuse in Australia during the year 1990-91 that were investigated by the territory welfare department and the state. Approximately forty five percent of the cases were substantiated and around seven percent were assessed. There has been a continuous awareness rather than an increase in the children that are being neglected and abused ever since the statics has been kept by the State Welfare Departments.(Bromfield L. ., 2005) This can be due to the awareness in the greater parts of the community. There have been various educational and legislative changes that are being adopted to look in to the matter of child abuse. Mandatory reporting and other preventive measures Mandatory reporting means the general laws that are passed by the parliament and the other designated officer that requires the various other designated officers to report the cases that are suspected and known in relation to the child abuse that further includes the sexual abuse. These reports of the suspected or the known cases shall be made to the various government authorities. The mandatory reporting laws are distinct from the various other industry based obligations and legal laws that are related to the criminal conduct and other types of misconduct. The people who are covered under this law for the purpose of reporting includes the people who deal with the children in the course of their work and include doctors, nurses, police and teachers and the people who at any time encounter the cases of child abuse shall report these cases to the child welfare agencies. In the 21st century it has become very important that there shall be reporting mechanisms and the information shall b e shared from time to time by various agencies so that a more comprehensive picture is being enabled about the children that are being at risk of being abused and further appropriate and timely actions can be taken. All these needs of information sharing has led to the coming up of the mandatory reporting and preventive measures.(Coohey, 2011) The child sexual abuse has become very common fact these days due to which the government has chosen various mandatory reporting laws for measuring the social policy, crime prevention and the public health. The annual incidence that was recorded by the government officially and the various child protection agencies in the countries like Australia ha been quite stable in the past eight years and has been recorded to be between 3400 and 4800 Australian children being abused annually from the year 2004 to 2013.(Cook, 2005) However it has been seen that the real incidence that has been recorded is far being higher than the recorded. It has been founded by the research of recent global review that highest amount of girls are being abused in the countries like Australia. It has been noted that various reasons arise for the gap between the real incidences and the official incidences. One of the most prominent reasons that have been noted for this gap is that there are many cases that has no t been reported or investigated by the various authorities of the government.(Cyr, 2010) There are various adverse consequences that are suffered by the children who are being sexually abused though it has been found that the severity of the consequences might vary from the individual to individual. These consequences might lead to physical injury to mental or psychological injury along with the negative effects on the socialization and behavior of the children. The main and the immediate consequences of this include stress, traumatic disorder, low self esteem and depression. It has been found by the various researches that there is high suicide rates and accidental fatal drug overdose in the case of the children who are the victims of the sexual abuse. (Dubowitz, 2007)There is an emotional abuse when the child is being abused sexually and it also has severe consequences. Child Physical abuse: A battered Child syndrome One of the first reporting laws that were used for the welfare of the child abuse was the work of Colorado pediatrician that included C Henry Kempe along with his various colleagues those who were indulged in the identification of the cases of the child abuse and they conceptualize it as a battered child syndrome.(Edidin, 2012) The Battered Child syndrome was defined by Kempe as a term that is used to categories a condition that is clinical in the children who are young and have received serious abuse in the form of physical abuse and is a cause of death and childhood disability .This problem can occur at any age but generally the affected children includes the children who are younger than 3 years of age. (English, 2004) Overview of the developments in Australia It has been researched that there has been first Australian laws for reporting the cases of child abuse in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The first law that is the Australian Mandatory reporting law came in to being in 1969 in South Australia.(Evans, 2005) It has been consistently supported by the Australian government that the Australian mandatory laws are very necessary component for the social policy and they respond to the child sexual abuse. The examples of this include: The Layton Review in South Australia in the year 2003 The wood enquiry in the year 2008 in New south Wales The Cummins, Scales and Scott inquiry in Victoria in the year 2012 Conclusion It has been concluded from the various researches that the child abuse has been becoming more prevalent in Australia. There are wide ranges of consequences that are faced by the children who are being abused sexually or physically. Though there have been various preventive measures that are being taken by the government to overcome this issue and look in to the matter. (Flaherty, 2009)It is the responsibility of the Australian government to protect the children from being abused and this issue cannot be ignored at all. There shall be effective child abuse prevention that can also be developed from the family that is strong and has a service base. Along with the government it is the responsibility of the guardian and the family to keep a vigilant eye on the children and protect them from being abused. The government t, community and the individuals shall work in conjunction to eliminate this issue from the society and keep the students safe protected and happy so that they enjoy their childhood freely rather than being abused. Bibliography Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012). Census of population and housing: Estimating homelessness. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2015). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved October 8, 2016, from Child protection Australia 2013-14.: www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129550762 Bacon, H. . (2001). Attachment theory and child abuse: An overview of the literature for practitioners. London. Baer, J. C. (2006). Child maltreatment and insecure attachment: A meta-analysis. ournal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, , 187-197. Beckett, C. (2003). Child protection: An introduction. . London: SAGE Publications. Brewerton, T. (2007). Eating disorders, trauma, and comorbidity: Focus on PTSD. Eating Disorders, . Brodsky, B. . (2008). Adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behavior. Bromfield, L. . (2005). Child Abuse Prevention Issues No. 22. Retrieved October 8, 2016, from www.aifs.gov.au/nch/pubs/issues/?issues22/issues22.html Bromfield, L. M. (2004). The limitations of using statutory child protection data for research into child maltreatment. Australian Social Work. CFCA Resource Sheet. (2005). Abuse. Christoffel. Child Family Community Australia. (2012). What is child abuse and neglect? Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved October 8, 2016, from What is child abuse and neglect? Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies: www.aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/what-child-abuse-and-neglect Coohey, C. R. (2011). Academic achievement despite child maltreatment: A longitudinal study. Child Abuse Neglect,. Cook, A. S. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals,. Psychiatric Annals, , 390-398. Cyr, C. E.-K. (2010). Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses. Development and Psychopathology,. 87-108. Dubowitz, H. . (2007). Physical abuse and neglect in children. The Lancet, , 1891-1899. Edidin, J. P. (2012). The mental and physical health of homeless youth: A literature review. . Child Psychiatry and Human Development , 354-375. English, D. W. (2004). Another look at the effects of child abuse. ational Institute of Justice Journal, , 251, 23-24. Evans, E. H. (2005). Suicidal phenomena and abuse in adolescents: A review of epidemiological studies. . 29(1), 45-58. Flaherty, E. T. (2009). Adverse childhood exposures and reported child health at age 12. Academic Pediatrics, 9(3), 150-156. Holzer, P. J. (2008). NCPASS comparability of child protection data: Project report. . Melbourne.

Pulot Essay Example

Pulot Paper I. Executive Summary1 II. Situation Analysis1 III. SWOT Analysis1 A. Strengths1 B. Weakness2 C. Opportunities2 D. Threat2 IV. Marketing Strategy2 A. Mission2 B. Market Segmentation3 C. Target Market5 D. Positioning5 E. Product Line5 F. Price6 G. Distribution Outlets6 H. Advertising and Promotion6 VI. Budget7 Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot7 VI. Implementation7 A. Complete the Marketing Plan8 B. Approving of the Plan8 C. Creating the proper layout design8 D. Create retail channels8 E. Advertise and Promote the Product8 F. Launching of the product8 G. Monitoring the performance9 VII. Controls9 I. Executive Summary II. Situation Analysis Eating sweets after meals are part of Filipino culture. Pulot is an Ilonggo heritage that was once popular but is now slowly forgotten. Pulot is made of muscovado sugar. The muscovado sugar or moist sugar is a dark brown and slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars and takes its flavor and color form its source, sugarcane juice. Muscovado sugar is liquefied to become the sweet dessert Pulot. The sweet amber dessert was packaged quaintly in a piece of slender bamboo covered with dry banana leaf. It is sold in affordable prices depending in the size of the container ranging from five pesos to twenty pesos. The basic market is not entirely aware of Pulot. Only those who have eaten in the restaurants like Breakthrough, and Tatoys’ are the one who knew this product. Pulot is only sold in Villa sold by local street vendors for restaurant customers as their dessert. III. SWOT Analysis A. Strengths Originality Pulot is a native product of Iloilo City, specifically in Villa, Arevalo. It is made from local products from ingredients to packaging. It could be infused with cassava, banana, kamote, ube and other native crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No expiration Pulot is mainly made from muscovado sugar that is caramelized with a proportionate amount of water. Sugar is an incredible preservatives working in jams and jellies which apparently does not expire. And with its packaging made of bamboo stalk, keeps pulot from moisture to solidify and helps it stay in syrup. B. Weakness Low product knowledge and exposure In today’s generation, there is a variety of desserts available in the market. Due to the existence of foreign products, we are forgetting the local delicacies that define our culture. The younger generations have little or even no knowledge of native delicacies; one of them is Pulot. C. Opportunities Market Expansion Expanding the market will increase its productivity and exposure. Since Pulot is sold only in Villa, it could be sold in restaurants, Pasalubong centers and malls located in the city. Cultural Heritage Patronizing the local products will help preserve the unique Ilonggo traditions. Also, it is a way of enhancing the market for tourists. Variety of Uses Pulot can be used in different ways. It can be a dessert after meals; toppings for pancakes and pastries; sandwich spread; and ingredients for some delicacies. It could also be complimented with bananas, camotes, ube and other native products. D. Threat Existence of well known desserts The existence of well known foreign and local sweets will post a great difficulty for pulot to enter the modern market. IV. Marketing Strategy A. Mission Special Pulot aims to revive a part of Ilonggo culture in terms of dessert. The native treat exist to satisfy your sweet tooth with a new and attractive packaging design Financial Objective * To increase the sales by 10% for the first year of production * To sustain a research and development budget Marketing Objective * To increase the product awareness to younger generations B. Market Segmentation The profile for the Special Pulot’s consumers consists of geographic, demographic, and behavior factors. Special Pulot has several target segment customers, the individual customers (families, students, foreigners and balikbayans), restaurants and malls. Individuals: Geographics * The initial target is Iloilo City with the population of 418,710. * The total targeted population is 167, 484. Demographics * Students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. * Age group of 15 to 60 years Have a family income of more than P 15,000 a month might be part of Class A, B and C segment of the market. Behavior Factors * Likes sweet foods and native products. * There is a value attributed to the more attractive packaging of the product. * Are very open to new ways of using the product. * Tend to patronize higher – quality restaurants, malls and pasalubong centers. * Conscious of their health. Restaurants (and their customers): Geographics * Iloilo City has a lot of restaurants that serve Filipino dishes mostly in Villa, Molo and Manduriao Districts. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. Tend to eat out at least once a week. * Tend to patronize Filipino restaurants. Behavior Factors * Are health conscious. * Enjoy a sweet dessert every after meal. Malls: Geographics * The initial target malls are SM City in Manduriao and Robinsons’ Place in the city proper. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. * Tends to go to the malls as a leisure activity. Behavior Factors * Loves to eat while roaming around the mall. * Into nutritious and native foods. C. Target Market Based on the market segmentation, the target market are the students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. Individuals These individuals are composed of households in Iloilo City with a monthly family income of P10, 000 pesos. These are health conscious consumers that preferred the Special Pulot as condiment instead of refined sugar that contain chemical additives. Restaurants These are the restaurants in Iloilo City that serves Filipino dishes in their menu. Special Pulot will be served to the customers that want a native and nutritious treat for dessert after eating their meals. Malls Loaded Special Pulot will target the two major malls in Iloilo City, SM City and Robinson’s Place. The prospect customers will be the mall goers that love to eat sweet native delicacy. D. Positioning Special Pulot will position itself as a best choice delicacy in Iloilo. It will symbolize the love of Ilonggo people for sweet native food. This positioning will be achieved by expanding its target market, intensive knowledge dissemination regarding the product and establishing a unique product that will be put up in stalls at major malls and schools. The said unique product is a Special Pulot with native crop toppings such as banana, ube, kamote, roasted peanut and pinipig. Special Pulot will be sold on restaurant and Pasalubong Centers with a better packaging. E. Product Line There are three types of products that to be distributed to the market: 1) The Special Pulot that is sold in restaurants and Pasalubong Centers will be served with classy native packaging. The packing is a bamboo tube with ethnical carvings on the outside and has a product logo. The packaging will also have a list of nutritional value that a consumer could get in the product. The packaging has other purpose aside from containing Special Pulot. It could be a pencil holder or a flower vase. ) The Loaded Special Pulot that will be sold in stalls at malls will be served as a snack for mall goers with native crop toppings. The native crop toppings are boiled banana, ube, kamote, cassava, roasted peanuts and piniping. It will be served in paper bowls. 3) Another is the Special Pulot that is packed in glass jars to be sold in grocery stores and local dry markets to be consumed by local h ouseholds. This Special Pulot will be a good substitute for refined sugar and other sweeteners. Special Pulot is 100% made of Muscovado sugar that contains essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron. Also, it only contains calories, thus, making it a good alternative to figure conscious consumers. This could be infuse in coffees or spread in bread. F. Price The price will be based on a per product price. For product 1, it will be sold in prices ranges from P20 to P50 pesos depending on the size of the container. For product 2, the prices will vary from P20 to P50 depending on the size of the container and an additional P5 for extra toppings. Then the Special Pulot that is packed in jars will have a price range of P30 to P60 pesos per product depending the size of the jars. G. Distribution Outlets The distribution outlets will be: * Restaurants * Pasalubong Centers and Grocery Stores * Malls H. Advertising and Promotion The product will be promoted through an advertising campaign that supports its positioning strategies and through participating in greater extent on dealer trade shows. The advertising campaign will be posters and flyers that have information about the product and will be put at the distribution outlets. The said posters will be posted on restaurants and pasalubong centers that sell Special Pulot and flyers will be distributed during trade shows in malls or events that sponsored by the company. VI. Budget Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot One-year Plan Legal expense*-P10,000. 00 Layout Design**-10,000. 00 Promotional Materials Posters-P9,000. 00 Flyers-4,000. 00 Total promotional materials expense13,000. 00 Communication and Transportation Expense20,000. 00 Labor Workers*** 17,000. 0 Product Control**** 10,000. 00 Contingency Fund 10,000. 00 TOTAL BUDGET FOR THE YEAR P90,000. 00 *Expenses for the processing of legal paper works for the project **Expenses for creating the design of the product’s packaging and for the employment of the layout artist ***Allocated for the salary of workers who will be promoting the product of different sites ****This is for the monitoring of the product. Workers will conduct a survey to measure the performance of the project. Schedule for monitoring the product is contained in part seven of the marketing plan, controls. VI. Implementation These are the following steps that company has to accomplish on time and within the budget: A. Complete the Marketing Plan The marketing plan for the product has to be completed and revised B. Approving of the Plan Once the plan had been finalized, it will be presented to the owner/ supplier of the product. Collaborating with the owners on their opinions and comments regarding the matter will be done. After clarifications and finalization of the actions to be taken, the operation will begin. C. Creating the proper layout design After the plan has been approved, the group will be hiring a layout artist to design the packaging of the product, with proper coordination with the operations department of the supplier, and the design for the promotional materials for the product. D. Create retail channels Contacting pasalubong centers and local restaurants as site of selling the product will then take place. Locating the proper area for setting up of stalls in malls will also be done. After pinpointing the appropriate site, construction of the stalls will take place. E. Advertise and Promote the Product Once the promotional materials had been finalized and printed, it will be placed on different areas in Iloilo city. F. Launching of the product The official wide scale launching of the product and simultaneously, advertising of the product. G. Monitoring the performance The workers will be regularly monitoring regarding the awareness of the customers regarding the product, revenue and expenses. VII. Controls The following areas will be monitored to measure performance:

Calculating the Change in Entropy From Heat of Reaction

Calculating the Change in Entropy From Heat of Reaction The term entropy refers to disorder or chaos in a system. The greater the entropy, the greater the disorder. Entropy exists in physics and chemistry, but can also be said to exist in human organizations or situations. In general, systems tend toward greater entropy; in fact, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the  entropy  of an isolated system can never spontaneously decrease. This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the change in entropy of a systems surroundings following a chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure. What Change in Entropy Means First, notice you never calculate entropy, S, but rather change in entropy,  ÃŽâ€S. This is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. When  ÃŽâ€S is positive it means the surroundings increased entropy. The reaction was exothermic or exergonic (assuming energy can be released in forms besides heat). When heat is released, the energy increases the motion of atoms and molecules, leading to increased disorder. When ΔS is negative it means entropy of the surroundings were reduced or that the surroundings gained order. A negative change in entropy draws heat (endothermic) or energy (endergonic) from the surroundings, which reduces the randomness or chaos. An important point to keep in mind is that the values for  ÃŽâ€S are for  the surroundings! Its a matter of point of view. If you change liquid water into water vapor, entropy increases for the water, even though it decreases for the surroundings. Its even more confusing if you consider a combustion reaction. On the one hand, it seems breaking a fuel into its components would increase disorder, yet the reaction also includes oxygen, which forms other molecules. Entropy Example Calculate the entropy of the surroundings for the following two reactions.a.) C2H8(g) 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) 4H2O(g)ΔH -2045 kJb.) H2O(l) → H2O(g)ΔH 44 kJSolutionThe change in entropy of the surroundings after a chemical reaction at constant pressure and temperature can be expressed by the formulaΔSsurr -ΔH/TwhereΔSsurr is the change in entropy of the surroundings-ΔH is heat of reactionT Absolute Temperature in KelvinReaction aΔSsurr -ΔH/TΔSsurr -(-2045 kJ)/(25 273)**Remember to convert  °C to K**ΔSsurr 2045 kJ/298 KΔSsurr 6.86 kJ/K or 6860 J/KNote the increase in the surrounding entropy since the reaction was exothermic.  An exothermic reaction is indicated by a positive  ÃŽâ€S  value. This means heat was released to the surroundings or that the environment gained energy. This reaction is an example of a combustion reaction. If you recognize this reaction type, you should always expect an exothermic reaction a nd positive change in entropy.Reaction bΔSsurr -ΔH/TΔSsurr -(44 kJ)/298 KΔSsurr -0.15 kJ/K or -150 J/KThis reaction needed energy from the surroundings to proceed and reduced the entropy of the surroundings. A negative  ÃŽâ€S  value indicates an endothermic reaction occurred, which absorbed heat from the surroundings.Answer:The change in entropy of the surroundings of reaction 1 and 2 was 6860 J/K and -150 J/K respectively.

Learn-from Video reviews Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learn-from Video reviews - Movie Review Example Europeans came and perceived Aborigines to be primitive and tried to suppress and drive them out, but even thought their rights were usurped, some of them remain. This shows that Australia has a rich cultural background. (youtube) Australia is located below the equator and above Antarctica on the world map and on the left of the Pacific Ocean and the right of the Indian Ocean. It has six states and two territories which are the Northern territory and Australian Capital Territory. It is a hot nation with a humid and arid climate and a most arid centre. The coast is where most people prefer to live. Perth is the largest and most populated state of Australia and the Northern territory which is the closest to the equator is the hottest and most humid. Therefore the location and climate of Australia make it dry and hot. (Ann) Australia is a multicultural society with the primary religion being Christianity, and other religions such as Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism also being prevalent in the continent. Australia places great importance on education and the future. (youtube, YouTube) There are 39 world class universities, thousands of students from over 180 nations, and research that actually has had a global impact. They also focus on health, building a sustainable environment, new technology and also building a unique learning environment for students.

Venezuela Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Venezuela Case Analysis - Essay Example Because of this reason, the casualties of the injustices who are mostly Afro Venezuelans and women, have ensued legal action and social unrest to push for and ensure equality for all (Karimi & Shoichet). The violations have led to human right movements and rise of activists who advocate and proclaim for the protection and observance of human rights in Venezuela. This paper analyses the different social and political struggles that the citizens of Venezuela have undergone in order to define the widening range of economic, political, social, and cultural rights they hope to enjoy today. In Venezuela, proclaiming and fighting for human rights began soon after the sentiments and Declaration of Rights. The people with African origin and women were never allowed to participate in the voting process and they faced discrimination from the majority. In the recent past women were not to vie or contest for any political positions or participate in the electoral process (BBC). This was the foundation of Venezuela’s women movement, and the women even now are still pushing for equality in the leadership positions. Most of the human rights movements and protests involve mass resistance and demonstrations. In other instances the struggle and fight for human rights is accompanied by unrest and violent rebellion and confrontation. The efforts over the years have led to the extension of human rights to all and reforms to the law for the sake of minorities leading to democracy and freedom some Venezuela citizens enjoy today. Liberal idealism is also being implemented by the Venezuelan leaders. It is the strong international belief of safeguarding and protecting the human society collectively. It is basically the coming together of nations with a main aim of advancing humanity. It involves states helping each other and ensuring peaceful co-existence between the citizens (Eisene). The

Compare absolute and relative morality Essay Example for Free

Compare absolute and relative morality Essay There are two types of morality, absolute morality and relative morality. An absolutist believes that certain things are always right or wrong no matter the consequences or situation, while a relativist is more concerned with outcomes and believes something is either right or wrong based in certain circumstances or situations. An absolute command is a command that is true all the time, in all places and all situations. An absolutist thinks about what is the right thing of itself, for example murder, because killing someone regardless of the consequences of an action or the results might occur. this means they approach is deontological. The system is simple and easy to apply, as a crime will be a crime regardless of the circumstances. An example is stealing, stealing is always wrong no matter the culture of the person, what the reasons were or when it happened make no difference; stealing is universally wrong and everybody knows that. There are many strengths to absolutism. firstly, because certain things are neither judged right or wrong in all situations, it makes it easier to apply than relativism. for example, in absolutism, if someone was to steal, it would be seen as wrong, while in relativism if someone steals, it might be, because they cannot afford food for their baby, so all other circumstances need to be taken into account. Also, it enable us to have a UN Declaration of human rights, as it provides a universal code to measure everything against. However, there are many weakness to absolutism as ethics are deontological which means that it pays no regard to the outcome or consequences of an action, so for example, if a poor mother stole food to feed her hungry child, this act would be judged wrong, because absolute ethics believe a crime is a crime, even though surely the stealing is for outcome and her childs life is more important. Also no one can really know what absolute morals are since all sources of morality are open up to peoples opinions and own interpretation. However relative morality judge things relative to the situation. it means there are no universally moral principles and there is no objective truth and if there is it cannot be found. There are many advantages to relativist, such as it is flexible and takes everyones opinion into account, as it is based on peoples point of view, so no one is wrong and it also takes certain circumstances into account. For example a relativist may believe abortion is wrong, but if a poor mother with hardly any money is pregnant they might allow abortion then, because it avoids the mother bringing a child into the world and giving it a bad life, so with relativism they are more concerned with the outcome. However, there are a number disadvantages to relativism, such as it is very difficult to apply, as judgements are always subjective and based and influenced by peoples thoughts, feeling and opinions, so everyones ideas of what is right and wrong will be different. Relativism is a lot more difficult to apply than absolutism. Also some acts have always wrong like genocide, so relativism doesnt allow moral progress. In conclusion, absolute ethics and relativist ethics ways of judgement are both very different, both having lots of disadvantages and advantages. however in my opinion relativist judgements are better, because they take certain situations into account and acts like abortion cannot be wrong.

The life of Richard :: essays research papers

born Leipzig, 22 May 1813; died Venice, 13 February 1883). He was the son either of the police actuary Friedrich Wagner, who died soon after his birth, or of his mother's friend the painter, actor and poet Ludwig Geyer, whom she married in August 1814. He went to school in Dresden and then Leipzig; at 15 he wrote a play, at 16 his first compositions. In 1831 he went to Leipzig University, also studying music with the Thomaskantor, C.T. Weinlig; a symphony was written and successfully performed in 1832. In 1833 he became chorus master at the Wà ¼rzburg theatre and wrote the text and music of his first opera, Die Feen; this remained unheard, but his next, Das Liebesverbot, written in 1833, was staged in 1836. By then he had made his dà ©but as an opera conductor with a small company which however went bankrupt soon after performing his opera. He married the singer Minna Planer in 1836 and went with her to Kà ¶nigsberg where he became musical director at the theatre, but he soon left and took a similar post in Riga where he began his next op era, Rienzi, and did much conducting, especially of Beethoven. In 1839 they slipped away from creditors in Riga, by ship to London and then to Paris, where he was befriended by Meyerbeer and did hack-work for publishers and theatres. He also worked on the text and music of an opera on the 'Flying Dutchman' legend; but in 1842 Rienzi, a large-scale opera with a political theme set in imperial Rome, was accepted for Dresden and Wagner went there for its highly successful premiere. Its theme reflects something of Wagner's own politics (he was involved in the semi-revolutionary, intellectual 'Young Germany' movement). Die fliegende Hollà ¤nder ('The Flying Dutchman'), given the next year, was less well received, though a much tauter musical drama, beginning to move away from the 'number opera' tradition and strong in its evocation of atmosphere, especially the supernatural and the raging seas (inspired by the stormy trip from Riga). Wagner was now appointed joint Kapellmeister at the Dresden court. The theme of redemption through a woman's love, in the Dutchman, recurs in Wagner's operas (and perhaps his life). In 1845 Tannhà ¤user was completed and performed and Lohengrin begun. In both Wagner moves towards a more continuous texture with semi-melodic narrative and a supporting orchestral fabric helping convey its sense.

Mode of Entry in India by Foreign Investors

foreign capital implies funds that are raised from foreign investors for investment purposes in development projects of a host country. Any investment flowing from one country to another country is foreign investment. This concept came in 1950s when many capital deficient countries resorted to foreign capital as a primary means to achieve rapid economic growth. Foreign capital can enter the country in the form of: 1. Direct Investment 2. Indirect Investment Also, with time the concept of foreign aid came up. It is nothing but movement of money from one country to another in the form of aid for development.It flows to developing countries in the form of loans, assistance and outright grants from various governmental and international organizations ADVANTAGES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL 1. It raises the level of investment – Brings in more industries and technology to the country and gives boost to the employment, production and economy of the host country. 2. Helps in upgradation of tec hnology – Foreign investment brings with it the technological knowledge while transferring machinery and equipment to developing countries. 3.Exploitation of natural resources – A number of underdeveloped countries process huge mineral resources, which awaits exploitation. These countries themselves do not possess the required technical skill and expertise to accomplish this task. 4. Development of basic economic infrastructure – Underdeveloped or developing countries require a huge capital investment for development of basic economic structure as their domestic capital is often too adequate. 5. Improves export competitiveness – A foreign investment can help the host country to improve its export performance.This is because of increase in the level of efficiency and the standard of product quality. Also, better access to foreign market further improves the export competitiveness. 6. Benefits the consumers with competitive market – Consumers in deve loping countries stand to gain from a foreign investment through new products and improved quality of goods at competitive prices. 7. Generates revenue to the government – The profit generation by a foreign investment in the host country contributes to the corporate tax revenue in the latter. 8.Supplements domestic savings – Less developed countries lack sufficient savings, required for investment in development projects like building economic and social infrastructure. Foreign capital bridges this gap. 9. Employment increases in the host country – As foreign companies come up, they establish their plant in the host country. As a result, employment also increases. DISADVANTAGES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL 1. Countries face severe debt problems – If all the investors who have invested in the host country, pull out their money overnight then the host country comes in debt. 2.Appreciation of real exchange rate occurs – As more foreign investors invest in the c ountry, the demand for the domestic currency rises. This causes appreciation of domestic currency and hence loss of competitiveness of exports as they become costlier. 3. Chances of inflation – Domestic supply of money increases and if this money is not utilized and absorbed in profitable projects then there is an inclination towards inflation. 4. The economy becomes overvalued – As the investors come in, the money in the economy starts flowing causing unnecessary appreciation in foreign currency. 5.Domestic market is affected – When foreign investments compete with the home investments, the profits in the domestic industries fall, thereby leading to a fall in domestic savings. 6. There is less contribution to public revenue – As the corporate taxes are comparatively less because of liberal tax concessions, investment allowances, designed public subsidies and tariff protection that are provided by the host government. ————†”———————————- TYPES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL There are five major types of foreign capital. They are – 1. Foreign Direct  Investment (FDI)It is a process whereby residents of the source country acquires the ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution and other activities of a firm in the host country. The foreign investors are free to invest in India, except few sectors/activities, where prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) or Foreign Investment Promotion Board (‘FIPB’) would be required. The followings activities/sectors requires prior approval of FIPB. a. Manufacture of Cigars & Cigarettes of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes b.Manufacture of Electronic aerospace and defence equipments c. Manufacture of items exclusively reserved for Small Scale Sector with more than 24% FDI d. Proposals in which the foreign col laborator has an existing financial / technical collaboration in India in the ‘same’ field e. All proposals falling outside notified sectoral policy. The foreign investors planning to set of business in India have two options, either to set up a separate corporate entity in India, i. e. incorporating an Indian company or through unincorporated entity, i. e. Branch Office of the foreign entity.Incorporation of an Indian company can be possible under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The foreign investors can invest in such Indian company up to 100% of capital depending upon sectoral guidelines prescribed by the Government of India. Under Second Option, a foreign company are allowed to operate in India, subject to conditions and activities permitted under the Foreign Exchange Management (Establishment in India of Branch Office of other place of business) Regulations, 2000, through setting up either of the followings: Liaison Office/Representative Office; Project Office; or Branch Office.While making entry into any nation, innumerable clearances are to be obtained at the state and district levels. Also, a number of practical hurdles, such as infrastructure bottlenecks have to be overcome. Also, the exit is difficult, in the sense that, archaic labour laws, such as the Industrial Disputes Act, prohibit the closure of any company. ADVANTAGES OF FDI Below mentioned are some of the advantages of FDI. They are very similar to that of foreign capital. 1. Growth and employment 2. Technology and know how 3. Access to goods and services 4. Fill the savings gap DISADVANTAGES OF FDI . Political lobbying – In the past, there have been many instances in which MNCs have resorted to political lobbying in order to get certain policies and laws implemented in their favor. 2. Exploitation of resources – Exploitation of natural resources of a host country is not a very uncommon phenomenon in the case of FDI. MNCs of other countries have been know n to indiscriminately exploit the resources of host countries in order to get short run gains and profits and have even chosen to ignore the sustainability factors associated with the local communities and local habitat. . Threaten small scale industries – MNCs have large economic and pricing power due to their large sizes. They do not have much problem with regards to financial capital and can hence resort to using advertising which is a costly affair. Also, these companies are global players who have their operations spread across countries and have effective supply chains which enable them to have economies of scale which smaller players in the domestic market of the host country cannot compete with.All this results in the MNC having cheaper products and more visibility due to the higher amounts of advertising and have been known to push out smaller industries out of business. 4. Technology – Although, the MNCs have access to new and cutting edge technology, they do not transfer the latest technology to the host country with a fear that their home country may loose its competitive advantage. 2. Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) FPI is buying and selling of shares, convertible debentures of Indian companies and units of domestic mutual funds at any of the Indian stock exchanges.FPI are done by foreign investors in shares, bonds and equity market. It brings foreign exchange to the country but it has its own problems as it brings volatile money to the country. Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) can make portfolio investments. FIIs are allowed to invest in the primary and secondary capital markets in India under the Portfolio Investment Scheme 3. Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) FII is defined as an institution established or incorporated outside India for making investment in Indian securities.They may invest in securities traded in both the primary and secondary markets. These securities include shares, debentures, and units of mutual funds Foreign Institutional Investments are the investments by foreign financial institutes like banks, insurance companies, pension funds, mutual funds etc. These are mostly in Govt. securities which are quite secure. The entry and exit are very simple through FII’s. FIIs must register themselves with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and comply with the exchange control regulations of RBI. 4. External Commercial Borrowings (ECB)ECB refer to commercial loans (in the form of bank loans, buyers’ credit, suppliers’ credit, securitised instruments) availed from non-resident lenders with minimum average maturity of 3 years. ECB for investment in real sector – industrial sector, especially infrastructure sector-in India, are under Automatic Route. ECB in the following requires approval of the government : a. Activities/items that require an Industrial Licence b. Proposals in which the foreign collaborator has an existing venture/tie up in Indi a c. Proposals for acquisition of shares in an existing Indian company in some cases. . Depository Receipts (ADR/GDR) ADR is adopted by many large and well respected companies from India to raise funds from American Markets. If any Indian Company has issued ADRs in the American market wishes to further extend it to other developed and advanced countries such as Europe, then they can sell these ADRs to the public of Europe and the same would be named as GDR. ADRs and GDRs are not for investors in India – they can invest directly in the shares of various Indian companies. They are an excellent means of investment for NRIs and foreign nationals wanting to invest in India.By buying these, they can invest directly in Indian companies without going through the hassle of understanding the rules and working of the Indian financial market – since ADRs and GDRs are traded like any other stock. NRIs and foreigners can buy these using their regular equity trading accounts.  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ROUTES OF ENTRY There are majorly two routes for entry in India – 1. Automatic Route : The route wherein no government approval is required for the investors. As a reference, FDI up to 100% is allowed in all activities/sectors. 2.Approval Route : The route wherein Government approval is required. This is done by either RBI or FIPB. Apart, from two major classifications. There can also be other classification also as shown below – 1. As a foreign company through a Liaison Office/ Representative Office, Project Office or a Branch Office. 2. As an Indian company through a Joint Venture or a Wholly Owned Subsidiary. LIAISON OFFICE / REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE Foreign corporations/entities are permitted to open liaison offices/representative offices in India for undertaking liaison activities on their behalf. Approval from RBI is needed.No fees, commission o r remuneration can be charged by the Indian liaison office. Liaison office cannot directly or indirectly undertake any trading, commercial or manufacturing activity and therefore, cannot earn any income in India. Its role is limited – 1. to representing the parent company/group companies in India 2. promoting export/import from/to India 3. promoting collaborations between parent company and companies in India 4. collecting information about possible market opportunities and providing information about the company and its products to prospective Indian customers.PROJECT OFFICE A foreign corporation, which has secured a contract from an Indian company to execute a project in India, is allowed to establish a project office in India without obtaining prior permission from RBI. Such offices cannot undertake or carry on any activity other than the activity relating to the execution of the project. The foreign corporation which sets up such a project office is required to furnish a prescribed report to the concerned regional office of RBI under whose jurisdiction the project office is set up.BRANCH OFFICE Foreign corporations/entities engaged in manufacturing and trading activities abroad are allowed to set up branch offices in India. The branch office can carry the same activities as the ones carried on by the foreign corporation overseas except that it cannot carry manufacturing activity on its own (sub-contracting is permitted). It can also stock & sell products in India and is permitted to acquire immovable property necessary or incidental to carrying on activities permitted by RBI. Green field investment:-A form of foreign direct investment where a parent company starts a new venture in a foreign country by constructing new operational facilities from the ground up. It occurs when multinational corporations enter into devolping countries to build new factories. Advantages:- Firm can build the subsidiary it wants. Relatively easily to establish operating r outines. New jobs are created in the local market. Disadvantages:- Faces competition before it is set up Time consuming research has to be carried out before hand. Emerging markets might be unstable, hence leading to extra costs & time consumption. Lengthy process from scratchBrown field investment:- The purchasing of an existing production or business facility by companies or governmental agencies for the purpose of starting new product or service production activity. This type of investment does not involved the new construction of plant operation facility. It is also called merger and acquisition. Advantages:- Less time consuming & quick to execute. Less risky as compared to greenfield. Immediate grab of market share. Reduce competition by taking over rival. The investor can bank on the existing goodwill of the acquired business. Disadvantages:- Not always successful.Cultural clash reducing effectiveness. Some workers are laid off, this affects motivational levels of present work ers JOINT VENTURE The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss and control in a specific enterprise. A Joint venture is a business agreement in which parties agree to develop, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss and control in a specific enterprise. Forming a joint venture is a good way for companies to partner without having to merge.JV’S are typically taxed as a partnership. Advantages:- Help the company to grow in those areas where the company does not have any expertise and would have failed if it was not for joint venture. Joint venture can help the company in reducing the risks which are associated with starting a new business. It results in better utilization of the resources which company has at its disposal. Disadvantages:- It does not give the management of the company control because the decisions are taken by both the companies and therefore it can create problems if both companies do not agree on some issues.It is difficult to integrate resources of companies entering into joint ventures WHOLLY – OWNED SUBSIDIARY A Foreign corporation can set up its subsidiary company either in the form of a private limited company or as a public limited company in India. A company in India is required to be incorporated under The Companies Act, 1956. In comparison with the branch office and liaison office, a subsidiary company provides maximum flexibility for conducting business in India. It can also undertake manufacturing activities in India

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 918 Words

Universities establish their reputation in their accreditation, the success rate of their students, and believe it or not, their athletic achievements. Upon applying to colleges, an applicant will almost always base their interest in the institution on its educational value, location, student feedback, and sports. Many of these universities grant extremely generous scholarships to student athletes, offering them a practically free education. While some agree with this method of accommodation, others argue that these athletes are being taken advantage of. They contest the college’s intentions by claiming that it is simply profiting from the labor of its football and basketball teams. The current question at hand is whether or not colleges and universities should pay their student athletes. However, I believe that doing so would devalue the university’s education by insinuating that athletics are greater than or come before academics. This would also be an unfair advantag e, given the countless other students that get academic scholarships and take part in collegiate clubs but receive no additional monetary help. There are also the students of the arts who participate in numerous performances and events that are equivalent to the work put forth by sports players. Therefore, in its simplest of terms, paying student athletes would just be inequitable. Although college athletes take on active schedules, this does not set them apart from many other students. A hand full ofShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? 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While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid fo r their roles in a college’s athletics? 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College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. 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